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? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 1 hcs360 features security ? programmable 28/32-bit serial number ? programmable 64-bit encryption key ? each transmission is unique ? 67-bit transmission code length ? 32-bit hopping code ? 35-bit fixed code (28/32-bit serial number, 4/0-bit function code, 1-bit status, 2-bit crc) ? encryption keys are read protected operating ? 2.0-6.6v operation ? four button inputs - 15 functions available ? selectable baud rate ? automatic code word completion ? battery low signal transmitted to receiver ? nonvolatile synchronization data ? pwm and manchester modulation other ? easy-to-use programming interface ? on-chip eeprom ? on-chip oscillator and timing components ? button inputs have internal pull-down resistors ? current limiting on led output ? minimum component count enhanced features over hcs300 ? 48-bit seed vs. 32-bit seed ? 2-bit crc for error detection ? 28/32-bit serial number select ? two seed transmission methods ? pwm and manchester modulation ? ir modulation mode typical applications the hcs360 is ideal for remote keyless entry (rke) applications. these applications include: ? automotive rke systems ? automotive alarm systems ? automotive immobilizers ? gate and garage door openers ? identity tokens ? burglar alarm systems description the hcs360 is a code hopping encoder designed for secure remote keyless entry (rke) systems. the hcs360 utilizes the k ee l oq code hopping technology, which incorporates high security, a small package outline and low cost, to make this device a perfect solution for unidirectional remote keyless entry sys- tems and access control systems. package types block diagram the hcs360 combines a 32-bit hopping code generated by a nonlinear encryption algorithm, with a 28/32-bit serial number and 7/3 status bits to create a 67-bit transmission stream. 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 s0 s1 s2 s3 v dd led data v ss pdip, soic hcs360 v ss v dd oscillator reset circuit led driver controller power latching and switching button input port 32-bit shift register encoder eeprom data led s 3 s 2 s 1 s 0 k ee l oq ? code hopping encoder
hcs360 ds40152e-page 2 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. the crypt key, serial number and configuration data are stored in an eeprom array which is not accessible via any external connection. the eeprom data is pro- grammable but read-protected. the data can be veri- fied only after an automatic erase and programming operation. this protects against attempts to gain access to keys or manipulate synchronization values. the hcs360 provides an easy-to-use serial interface for programming the necessary keys, system parame- ters and configuration data. 1.0 system overview key terms the following is a list of key terms used throughout this data sheet. for additional information on k ee l oq and code hopping, refer to technical brief 3 (tb003). ? rke - remote keyless entry ? button status - indicates what button input(s) activated the transmission. encompasses the 4 button status bits s3, s2, s1 and s0 ( figure 3-1) . ? code hopping - a method by which a code, viewed externally to the system, appears to change unpredictably each time it is transmitted. ? code word - a block of data that is repeatedly transmitted upon button activation ( figure 3-1) . ? transmission - a data stream consisting of repeating code words ( figure 8-1) . ? crypt key - a unique and secret 64-bit number used to encrypt and decrypt data. in a symmetri- cal block cipher such as the k ee l oq algorithm, the encryption and decryption keys are equal and will therefore be referred to generally as the crypt key. ? encoder - a device that generates and encodes data. ? encryption algorithm - a recipe whereby data is scrambled using a crypt key. the data can only be interpreted by the respective decryption algorithm using the same crypt key. ? decoder - a device that decodes data received from an encoder. ? decryption algorithm - a recipe whereby data scrambled by an encryption algorithm can be unscrambled using the same crypt key. ? learn C learning involves the receiver calculating the transmitters appropriate crypt key, decrypting the received hopping code and storing the serial number, synchronization counter value and crypt key in eeprom. the k ee l oq product family facil- itates several learning strategies to be imple- mented on the decoder. the following are examples of what can be done. - simple learning the receiver uses a fixed crypt key, common to all components of all systems by the same manufacturer, to decrypt the received code words encrypted portion. - normal learning the receiver uses information transmitted during normal operation to derive the crypt key and decrypt the received code words encrypted portion. - secure learn the transmitter is activated through a special button combination to transmit a stored 60-bit seed value used to generate the transmitters crypt key. the receiver uses this seed value to derive the same crypt key and decrypt the received code words encrypted portion. ? manufacturers code C a unique and secret 64- bit number used to generate unique encoder crypt keys. each encoder is programmed with a crypt key that is a function of the manufacturers code. each decoder is programmed with the manufac- turer code itself. the hcs360 code hopping encoder is designed specif- ically for keyless entry systems; primarily vehicles and home garage door openers. the encoder portion of a keyless entry system is integrated into a transmitter, carried by the user and operated to gain access to a vehicle or restricted area. the hcs360 is meant to be a cost-effective yet secure solution to such systems, requiring very few external components (figure 2-1). most low-end keyless entry transmitters are given a fixed identification code that is transmitted every time a button is pushed. the number of unique identification codes in a low-end system is usually a relatively small number. these shortcomings provide an opportunity for a sophisticated thief to create a device that grabs a transmission and retransmits it later, or a device that quickly scans all possible identification codes until the correct one is found. the hcs360, on the other hand, employs the k ee l oq code hopping technology coupled with a transmission length of 66 bits to virtually eliminate the use of code grabbing or code scanning. the high security level of the hcs360 is based on the patented k ee l oq technol- ogy. a block cipher based on a block length of 32 bits and a key length of 64 bits is used. the algorithm obscures the information in such a way that even if the transmission information (before coding) differs by only one bit from that of the previous transmission, the next
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 3 hcs360 coded transmission will be completely different. statis- tically, if only one bit in the 32-bit string of information changes, greater than 50 percent of the coded trans- mission bits will change. as indicated in the block diagram on page one, the hcs360 has a small eeprom array which must be loaded with several parameters before use; most often programmed by the manufacturer at the time of produc- tion. the most important of these are: ? a 28-bit serial number, typically unique for every encoder ? a crypt key ? an initial 16-bit synchronization value ? a 16-bit configuration value the crypt key generation typically inputs the transmitter serial number and 64-bit manufacturers code into the key generation algorithm (figure 1-1). the manufac- turers code is chosen by the system manufacturer and must be carefully controlled as it is a pivotal part of the overall system security. figure 1-1: creation and storage of crypt key during production the 16-bit synchronization counter is the basis behind the transmitted code word changing for each transmis- sion; it increments each time a button is pressed. due to the code hopping algorithms complexity, each incre- ment of the synchronization value results in greater than 50% of the bits changing in the transmitted code word. figure 1-2 shows how the key values in eeprom are used in the encoder. once the encoder detects a button press, it reads the button inputs and updates the syn- chronization counter. the synchronization counter and crypt key are input to the encryption algorithm and the output is 32 bits of encrypted information. this data will change with every button press, its value appearing externally to randomly hop around, hence it is referred to as the hopping portion of the code word. the 32-bit hopping code is combined with the button information and serial number to form the code word transmitted to the receiver. the code word format is explained in greater detail in section 4.2. a receiver may use any type of controller as a decoder, but it is typically a microcontroller with compatible firm- ware that allows the decoder to operate in conjunction with an hcs360 based transmitter. section 7.0 provides detail on integrating the hcs360 into a sys- tem. a transmitter must first be learned by the receiver before its use is allowed in the system. learning includes calculating the transmitters appropriate crypt key, decrypting the received hopping code and storing the serial number, synchronization counter value and crypt key in eeprom. in normal operation, each received message of valid format is evaluated. the serial number is used to deter- mine if it is from a learned transmitter. if from a learned transmitter, the message is decrypted and the synchro- nization counter is verified. finally, the button status is checked to see what operation is requested. figure 1-3 shows the relationship between some of the values stored by the receiver and the values received from the transmitter. transmitter manufacturers serial number code crypt key key generation algorithm serial number crypt key sync counter . . . hcs360 production programmer eeprom array
hcs360 ds40152e-page 4 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. figure 1-2: building the transmitted code word (encoder) figure 1-3: basic operation of receiver (decoder) note: circled numbers indicate the order of execution. button press information eeprom array 32 bits encrypted data serial number transmitted information crypt key sync counter serial number k ee l oq encryption algorithm button press information eeprom array manufacturer code 32 bits of encrypted data serial number received information decrypted synchronization counter check for match sync counter serial number k ee l oq decryption algorithm 1 3 4 check for match 2 perform function indicated by button press 5 crypt key
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 5 hcs360 2.0 device operation as shown in the typical application circuits (figure 2-1), the hcs360 is a simple device to use. it requires only the addition of buttons and rf circuitry for use as the transmitter in your security application. a description of each pin is described in table 2-1. figure 2-1: typical circuits table 2-1: pin descriptions the hcs360 will wake-up upon detecting a button press and delay approximately 10 ms for button debounce (figure 2-2). the synchronization counter, discrimination value and button information will be encrypted to form the hopping code. the hopping code portion will change every transmission, even if the same button is pushed again. a code word that has been transmitted will not repeat for more than 64k transmissions. this provides more than 18 years of use before a code is repeated; based on 10 operations per day. overflow information sent from the encoder can be used to extend the number of unique transmissions to more than 192k. if in the transmit process it is detected that a new but- ton(s) has been pressed, a reset will immediately occur and the current code word will not be completed. please note that buttons removed will not have any effect on the code word unless no buttons remain pressed; in which case the code word will be completed and the power-down will occur. figure 2-2: encoder operation name pin number description s0 1 switch input 0 s1 2 switch input 1 s2 3 switch input 2 / clock pin when in programming mode s3 4 switch input 3 v ss 5 ground reference data 6 data output pin /data i/o pin for programming mode led 7 cathode connection for led v dd 8 positive supply voltage v dd b0 tx out s0 s1 s2 s3 led v dd data v ss two button remote control b1 v dd tx out s0 s1 s2 s3 led v dd data v ss five button remote control (note 1 ) b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 note: up to 15 functions can be implemented by pressing more than one button simultaneously or by using a suitable diode array. power-up reset and debounce delay (10 ms) sample inputs update sync info encrypt with load transmit register buttons added ? all buttons released ? (a button has been pressed) transmit stop no yes no yes crypt key complete code word transmission
hcs360 ds40152e-page 6 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 3.0 eeprom memory organization the hcs360 contains 192 bits (12 x 16-bit words) of eeprom memory (table 3-1). this eeprom array is used to store the crypt key information, synchronization value, etc. further descriptions of the memory array is given in the following sections. table 3-1: eeprom memory map 3.1 key_0 - key_3 (64-bit crypt key) the 64-bit crypt key is used to create the encrypted message transmitted to the receiver. this key is calcu- lated and programmed during production using a key generation algorithm. the key generation algorithm may be different from the k ee l oq algorithm. inputs to the key generation algorithm are typically the transmit- ters serial number and the 64-bit manufacturers code. while the key generation algorithm supplied from microchip is the typical method used, a user may elect to create their own method of key generation. this may be done providing that the decoder is programmed with the same means of creating the key for decryption purposes. 3.2 sync_a, sync_b (synchronization counter) this is the 16-bit synchronization value that is used to create the hopping code for transmission. this value is incremented after every transmission. separate syn- chronization counters can be used to stay synchro- nized with different receivers. 3.3 seed_0, seed_1, and seed_2 (seed word) the three word (48 bits) seed code will be transmitted when seed transmission is selected. this allows the sys- tem designer to implement the secure learn feature or use this fixed code word as part of a different key genera- tion/tracking process or purely as a fixed code transmis- sion. 3.4 ser_0, ser_1 (encoder serial number) ser_0 and ser_1 are the lower and upper words of the device serial number, respectively. there are 32 bits allocated for the serial number and a selectable configuration bit determines whether 32 or 28 bits will be transmitted. the serial number is meant to be unique for every transmitter. word address mnemonic description 0 key_0 64-bit crypt key (word 0) lsbs 1 key_1 64-bit crypt key (word 1) 2 key_2 64-bit crypt key (word 2) 3 key_3 64-bit crypt key (word 3) msbs 4 sync_a 16-bit synch counter 5 sync_b/ seed_2 16-bit synch counter b or seed value (word 2) 6 reserved set to 0000h 7seed_0 seed value (word 0) lsbs 8seed_1 seed value (word 1) msbs 9ser_0 device serial number (word 0) lsbs 10 ser_1 device serial number (word 1) msbs 11 config configuration word note: since seed2 and sync_b share the same memory location, secure learn and independent mode transmission (including ir mode) are mutually exclusive.
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 7 hcs360 3.5 config (configuration word) the configuration word is a 16-bit word stored in eeprom array that is used by the device to store information used during the encryption process, as well as the status of option configurations. further explanations of each of the bits are described in the following sections. table 3-2: configuration word. 3.5.1 mod: modulation format mod selects between manchester code modulation and pwm modulation. if mod = 1, manchester modulation is selected: if mod = 0, pwm modulation is selected. 3.5.2 bsel 1, 0 baud rate selection bsel 1 and bsel 0 determine the baud rate according to table 3-3 when pwm modulation is selected. table 3-3: baud rate selection bsel 1 and bsel 0 determine the baud rate according to table 3-4 when manchester modulation is selected. table 3-4: baud rate selection 3.5.3 ovr: overflow the overflow bit is used to extend the number of possi- ble synchronization values. the synchronization counter is 16 bits in length, yielding 65,536 values before the cycle repeats. under typical use of 10 operations a day, this will provide nearly 18 years of use before a repeated value will be used. should the system designer conclude that is not adequate, then the overflow bit can be utilized to extend the number of unique values. this can be done by programming ovr to 1 at the time of production. the encoder will auto- matically clear ovr the first time that the transmitted synchronization value wraps from 0xffff to 0x0000. once cleared, ovr cannot be set again, thereby creat- ing a permanent record of the counter overflow. this prevents fast cycling of 64k counter. if the decoder sys- tem is programmed to track the overflow bits, then the effective number of unique synchronization values can be extended to 128k. if programmed to zero, the sys- tem will be compatible with old encoder devices. 3.5.4 lngrd: long guard time lngrd = 1 selects the encoder to extend the guard time between code words adding ? 50 ms. this can be used to reduce the average power transmitted over a 100 ms window and thereby transmit a higher peak power. bit number symbol bit description 0 lngrd long guard time 1 bsel 0 baud rate selection 2 bsel 1 baud rate selection 3 nu not used 4 seed seed transmission enable 5 delm delay mode enable 6 timo time-out enable 7 ind independent mode enable 8 usra0 user bit 9 usra1 user bit 10 usrb0 user bit 11 usrb1 user bit 12 xser extended serial number enable 13 tmpsd temporary seed transmis- sion enable 14 mod manchester/pwm modula- tion selection 15 ovr overflow bit mod bsel 1 bsel 0 t e unit 000400 us 001200 us 010200 us 011100 us mod bsel 1 bsel 0 t e unit 100800 us 101400 us 110400 us 111200 us
hcs360 ds40152e-page 8 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 3.5.5 xser: extended serial number if xser = 0, the four most significant bits of the serial number are substituted by s[3:0] and the code word format is compatible with the hcs200/300/301. if xser = 1, the full 32-bit serial number [ser_1, ser_0] is transmitted. 3.5.6 discrimination value while in other k ee l oq encoders its value is user selectable, the hcs360 uses directly the 8 least sig- nificant bits of the serial number as part of the infor- mation that form the encrypted portion of the transmission (figure 3-1). the discrimination value aids the post-decryption check on the decoder end. after the receiver has decrypted a transmission, the discrimination bits are checked against the encoder serial number to verify that the decryption process was valid. 3.5.7 usra,b: user bits user bits form part of the discrimination value. the user bits together with the ind bit can be used to identify the counter that is used in independent mode. figure 3-1: code word organization note: since the button status s[3:0] is used to detect a seed transmission, extended serial number and secure learn are mutually exclusive. discrimination bits (12 bits) i o u u s s ... s n v s s e e ... e d r r r r r ... r 1 0 7 6 ... 0 fixed code portion of transmission encrypted portion of transmission 67 bits of data transmitted msb lsb crc (2-bit) v low (1-bit) button status (4 bits) 28-bit serial number button status (4 bits) discrimination bits (12 bits) 16-bit sync value button status (4 bits) ss s s 21 0 3 fixed code portion of transmission encrypted portion of transmission msb lsb crc (2-bit) v low (1-bit) 32-bit extended serial number button status (4 bits) discrimination bits (12 bits) 16-bit sync value xser=1 xser=0
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 9 hcs360 3.5.8 seed: enable seed transmission if seed = 0, seed transmission is disabled. the inde- pendent counter mode can only be used with seed transmission disabled since seed_2 is shared with the second synchronization counter. with seed = 1, seed transmission is enabled. the appropriate button code(s) must be activated to trans- mit the seed information. in this mode, the seed infor- mation (seed_0, seed_1, and seed_2) and the upper 12 or 16 bits of the serial number (ser_1) are transmitted instead of the hop code. seed transmission is available for function codes (table 3-9) s[3:0] = 1001 and s[3:0] = 0011(delayed). this takes place regardless of the setting of the ind bit. the two seed transmissions are shown in figure 3-2. figure 3-2: seed transmission 3.5.9 tmpsd: temporary seed transmission the temporary seed transmission can be used to dis- able learning after the transmitter has been used for a programmable number of operations. this feature can be used to implement very secure systems. after learn- ing is disabled, the seed information cannot be accessed even if physical access to the transmitter is possible. if tmpsd = 1 the seed transmission will be disabled after a number of code hopping transmis- sions. the number of transmissions before seed trans- mission is disabled, can be programmed by setting the synchronization counter (sync_a, sync_b) to a value as shown in table 3-5. table 3-5: synchronous counter initialization values all examples shown with xser = 1, seed = 1 when s[3:0] = 1001, delay is not acceptable. crc+v low ser_1 seed_2 seed_1 seed_0 data transmission direction for s[3:0] = 0x3 before delay: 16-bit data word 16-bit counter encrypt crc+v low ser_1 ser_0 encrypted data for s[3:0] = 0011 after delay (note 1, note 2) : crc+v low ser_1 seed_2 seed_1 seed_0 data transmission direction data transmission direction note 1: for seed transmission, seed_2 is transmitted instead of ser_0. 2: for seed transmission, the setting of delm has no effect. synchronous counter values number of transmissions 0000h 128 0060h 64 0050h 32 0048h 16
hcs360 ds40152e-page 10 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 3.5.10 delm: delay mode if delm = 1, delay transmission is enabled. a delayed transmission is indicated by inverting the lower nibble of the discrimination value. the delay mode is primarily for compatibility with previous k ee l oq devices and is not recommended for new designs. if delm = 0, delay transmission is disabled (table 3- 6). table 3-6: typical delay times 3.5.11 timo: time-out or auto-shutoff if timo = 1, the time-out is enabled. time-out can be used to terminate accidental continuous transmissions. when time-out occurs, the pwm output is set low and the led is turned off. current consumption will be higher than in standby mode since current will flow through the activated input resistors. this state can be exited only after all inputs are taken low. timo = 0, will enable continuous transmission (table 3-7). table 3-7: typical time-out times bsel 1 bsel 0 number of code words before delay mode time before delay mode (mod = 0) time before delay mode (mod = 1) 00 28 ? 2.9s ? 5.1s 01 56 ? 3.1s ? 6.4s 10 28 ? 1.5s ? 3.2s 11 56 ? 1.7s ? 4.5s bsel 1 bsel 0 maximum number of code words transmitted time before time-out (mod = 0) time before time-out (mod = 1) 00 256 ? 26.5s ? 46.9 01 512 ? 28.2s ? 58.4 10 256 ? 14.1s ? 29.2 11 512 ? 15.7s ? 40.7
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 11 hcs360 3.5.12 ind: independent mode the independent mode can be used where one encoder is used to control two receivers. two counters (sync_a and sync_b) are used in independent mode. as indicated in table 3-9, function codes 1 to 7 use sync_a and 8 to 15 sync_b. 3.5.13 infrared mode the independent mode also selects ir mode. in ir mode function codes 12 to 15 will use sync_b. the pwm output signal is modulated with a 40 khz carrier (see table 3-8). it must be pointed out that the 40 khz is derived from the internal clock and will therefore vary with the same percentage as the baud rate. if ind = 0, sync_a is used for all function codes. if ind = 1, inde- pendent mode is enabled and counters for functions are used according to table 3-9. table 3-8: ir modulation table 3-9: function codes note 1: ir mode t e basic pulse 800us 400us 200us 100us (800 m s) (32x) (400 m s) (16x) (200 m s) (8x) period = 25 m s (100 m s) (4x) s3 s2 s1 s0 ind = 0 ind = 1 comments counter 10001 a a 20010 a a 3 0 0 1 1 a a if seed = 1, transmit seed after delay. 40100 a a 50101 a a 60110 a a 70111 a a 81000 a b 9 1 0 0 1 a b if seed = 1, transmit seed immediately. 101010 a b 111011 a b 121100 a b (1) 131101 a b (1) 141110 a b (1) 151111 a b (1)
hcs360 ds40152e-page 12 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 4.0 transmitted word 4.1 transmission format (pwm) the hcs360 code word is made up of several parts (figure 4-1 and figure 4-2). each code word contains a 50% duty cycle preamble, a header, 32 bits of encrypted data and 35 bits of fixed data followed by a guard period before another code word can begin. refer to table 8-3 and table 8-5 for code word timing. 4.2 code word organization the hcs360 transmits a 67-bit code word when a but- ton is pressed. the 67-bit word is constructed from a fixed code portion and an encrypted code portion (figure 3-1). the encrypted data is generated from 4 function bits, 2 user bits, overflow bit, independent mode bit, and 8 serial number bits, and the 16-bit synchronization value (figure 3-1). the encrypted portion alone provides up to four billion changing code combinations. the fixed code data is made up of a v low bit, 2 crc bits, 4 function bits, and the 28-bit serial number. if the extended serial number (32 bits) is selected, the 4 func- tion code bits will not be transmitted. the fixed and encrypted sections combined increase the number of code combinations to 7.38 x 10 19 figure 4-1: code word format (pwm) figure 4-2: code word format (manchester) logic "1" guard time 31 x t e encrypted portion fixed portion logic "0" preamble header t e t e t e 10xt e 1 16 of transmission of transmission preamble 50% duty cycle guard preamble header encrypted portion fixed portion 1 2 start bit stop bit time 16 bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 logic "0" logic "1" t e t e 4 x t e 31 x t e of transmission of transmission preamble 50% duty cycle
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 13 hcs360 5.0 special features 5.1 code word completion code word completion is an automatic feature that ensures that the entire code word is transmitted, even if the button is released before the transmission is com- plete and that a minimum of two words are completed. the hcs360 encoder powers itself up when a button is pushed and powers itself down after two complete words are transmitted if the user has already released the button. if the button is held down beyond the time for one transmission, then multiple transmissions will result. if another button is activated during a transmission, the active transmission will be aborted and the new code will be generated using the new button information. 5.2 long guard time federal communications commission (fcc) part 15 rules specify the limits on fundamental power and harmonics that can be transmitted. power is calculated on the worst case average power transmitted in a 100 ms window. it is therefore advantageous to minimize the duty cycle of the transmitted word. this can be achieved by minimizing the duty cycle of the individual bits or by extending the guard time between transmis- sions. long guard time (lngrd) is used for reducing the average power of a transmission. this is a select- able feature. using the lngrd allows the user to transmit a higher amplitude transmission if the transmission time per 100 ms is shorter. the fcc puts constraints on the average power that can be transmitted by a device, and lngrd effectively prevents continuous transmission by only allowing the transmission of every second word. this reduces the average power transmitted and hence, assists in fcc approval of a transmitter device. 5.3 crc (cycle redundancy check) bits the crc bits are calculated on the 65 previously trans- mitted bits. the crc bits can be used by the receiver to check the data integrity before processing starts. the crc can detect all single bit and 66% of double bit errors. the crc is computed as follows: equation 5-1: crc calculation and with and di n the nth transmission bit 0 n 64 note: the crc may be wrong when the battery voltage is around either of the v low trip points. this may happen because v low is sampled twice each transmission, once for the crc calculation (pwm is low) and once when v low is transmitted (pwm is high). v dd tends to move slightly during a transmis- sion which could lead to a different value for v low being used for the crc calculation and the transmission . work around: if the crc calculation is incor- rect, recalculate for the opposite value of v low . crc 1 [] n 1 + crc 0 [] n di n = crc 0 [] n 1 + crc 0 [] n di n () crc 1 [] n = crc 10 , [] 0 0 =
hcs360 ds40152e-page 14 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 5.4 auto-shutoff the auto-shutoff function automatically stops the device from transmitting if a button inadvertently gets pressed for a long period of time. this will prevent the device from draining the battery if a button gets pressed while the transmitter is in a pocket or purse. this function can be enabled or disabled and is selected by setting or clearing the time-out bit (section 3.5.11). setting this bit will enable the function (turn auto-shutoff function on) and clearing the bit will disable the function. time-out period is approximately 25 seconds. 5.5 v low : voltage low indicator the v low bit is transmitted with every transmission (figure 3-1) and will be transmitted as a one if the operating voltage has dropped below the low voltage trip point, typically 3.8v at 25c. this v low signal is transmitted so the receiver can give an indication to the user that the transmitter battery is low. 5.6 led output operation during normal transmission the led output is low while the data is being transmitted and high during the guard time. two voltage indications are combined into one bit: v low . table 5-1 indicates the operation value of v low while data is being transmitted. figure 5-1: v low trip point vs. temperature if the supply voltage drops below the low voltage trip point, the led output will be toggled at approximately 1hz during the transmission. table 5-1: v low and led vs. v dd *see also flash operating modes. approximate supply voltage v low bit led operation* max ? 3.8v 0 normal 3.8v ? 2.2v 1 flashing 2.2v ? min 0 normal 3.5 2v -40 25 85 v low =0 nominal trip point 3.8v v low =1 v low =0 nominal trip point 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 15 hcs360 6.0 programming the hcs360 when using the hcs360 in a system, the user will have to program some parameters into the device including the serial number and the secret key before it can be used. the programming allows the user to input all 192 bits in a serial data stream, which are then stored inter- nally in eeprom. programming will be initiated by forcing the pwm line high, after the s3 line has been held high for the appropriate length of time. s0 should be held low during the entire program cycle. the s1 line on the hcs360 part needs to be set or cleared depending on the ls bit of the memory map (key 0) before the key is clocked in to the hcs360. s1 must remain at this level for the duration of the programming cycle. the device can then be programmed by clocking in 16 bits at a time, followed by the words complement using s3 or s2 as the clock line and pwm as the data in line. after each 16-bit word is loaded, a programming delay is required for the internal program cycle to com- plete. the acknowledge can read back after the pro- gramming delay (t wc ). after the first word and its complement have been downloaded, an automatic bulk write is performed. this delay can take up to twc. at the end of the programming cycle, the device can be verified (figure 6-1) by reading back the eeprom. reading is done by clocking the s3 line and reading the data bits on pwm. for security reasons, it is not possi- ble to execute a verify function without first program- ming the eeprom. a verify operation can only be done once, immediately following the program cycle . figure 6-1: programming waveforms figure 6-2: verify waveforms the v dd pin must be taken to ground after a program/verify cycle. data enter program mode (data) (clock) bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 14 bit 15 bit 16 bit 17 t 1 t 2 repeat for each word t clkh t clkl t wc t ds s2/s3 data for word 0 (key_0) data for word 1 t dh bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 14 bit 15 s1 bit 0 bit 0 of word0 note 1: unused button inputs to be held to ground during the entire programming sequence. 2: the v dd pin must be taken to ground after a program/verify cycle. acknowledge pulse data (clock) (data) note: a verify sequence is performed only once immediately after the program cycle. end of programming cycle beginning of verify cycle bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 15 bit 14 bit 16 bit 17 bit190 bit191 t wc data from word0 t dv s2/s3 bit 0 bit191 bit190 s1 ack
hcs360 ds40152e-page 16 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. table 6-3: programming/verify timing requirements note 1: typical values - not tested in production. v dd = 5.0v 10% 25 c 5 c parameter symbol min. max. units program mode setup time t 2 04.0ms hold time 1 t 1 9.0 ms program cycle time t wc 50 ms clock low time t clkl 50 m s clock high time t clkh 50 m s data setup time t ds 0 m s (1) data hold time t dh 30 m s (1) data out valid time t dv 30 m s (1)
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 17 hcs360 7.0 integrating the hcs360 into a system use of the hcs360 in a system requires a compatible decoder. this decoder is typically a microcontroller with compatible firmware. microchip will provide (via a license agreement) firmware routines that accept transmissions from the hcs360 and decrypt the hopping code portion of the data stream. these routines provide system designers the means to develop their own decoding system. 7.1 learning a transmitter to a receiver a transmitter must first be 'learned' by a decoder before its use is allowed in the system. several learning strat- egies are possible, figure 7-1 details a typical learn sequence. core to each, the decoder must minimally store each learned transmitter's serial number and cur- rent synchronization counter value in eeprom. addi- tionally, the decoder typically stores each transmitter's unique crypt key. the maximum number of learned transmitters will therefore be relative to the available eeprom. a transmitter's serial number is transmitted in the clear but the synchronization counter only exists in the code word's encrypted portion. the decoder obtains the counter value by decrypting using the same key used to encrypt the information. the k ee l oq algorithm is a symmetrical block cipher so the encryption and decryp- tion keys are identical and referred to generally as the crypt key. the encoder receives its crypt key during manufacturing. the decoder is programmed with the ability to generate a crypt key as well as all but one required input to the key generation routine; typically the transmitter's serial number. figure 7-1 summarizes a typical learn sequence. the decoder receives and authenticates a first transmis- sion; first button press. authentication involves gener- ating the appropriate crypt key, decrypting, validating the correct key usage via the discrimination bits and buffering the counter value. a second transmission is received and authenticated. a final check verifies the counter values were sequential; consecutive button presses. if the learn sequence is successfully com- plete, the decoder stores the learned transmitter's serial number, current synchronization counter value and appropriate crypt key. from now on the crypt key will be retrieved from eeprom during normal opera- tion instead of recalculating it for each transmission received. certain learning strategies have been patented and care must be taken not to infringe. figure 7-1: typical learn sequence enter learn mode wait for reception of a valid code generate key from serial number use generated key to decrypt compare discrimination value with fixed value equal wait for reception of second valid code compare discrimination value with fixed value use generated key to decrypt equal counters encryption key serial number synchronization counter sequential ? ? ? exit learn successful store: learn unsuccessful no no no yes yes yes
hcs360 ds40152e-page 18 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 7.2 decoder operation figure 7-2 summarizes normal decoder operation. the decoder waits until a transmission is received. the received serial number is compared to the eeprom table of learned transmitters to first determine if this transmitter's use is allowed in the system. if from a learned transmitter, the transmission is decrypted using the stored crypt key and authenticated via the discrimination bits for appropriate crypt key usage. if the decryption was valid the synchronization value is evaluated. figure 7-2: typical decoder operation 7.3 synchronization with decoder (evaluating the counter) the k ee l oq technology patent scope includes a sophisticated synchronization technique that does not require the calculation and storage of future codes. the technique securely blocks invalid transmissions while providing transparent resynchronization to transmitters inadvertently activated away from the receiver. figure 7-3 shows a 3-partition, rotating synchronization window. the size of each window is optional but the technique is fundamental. each time a transmission is authenticated, the intended function is executed and the transmission's synchronization counter value is stored in eeprom. from the currently stored counter value there is an initial "single operation" forward win- dow of 16 codes. if the difference between a received synchronization counter and the last stored counter is within 16, the intended function will be executed on the single button press and the new synchronization counter will be stored. storing the new synchronization counter value effectively rotates the entire synchroniza- tion window. a "double operation" (resynchronization) window fur- ther exists from the single operation window up to 32k codes forward of the currently stored counter value. it is referred to as "double operation" because a trans- mission with synchronization counter value in this win- dow will require an additional, sequential counter transmission prior to executing the intended function. upon receiving the sequential transmission the decoder executes the intended function and stores the synchronization counter value. this resynchronization occurs transparently to the user as it is human nature to press the button a second time if the first was unsuc- cessful. the third window is a "blocked window" ranging from the double operation window to the currently stored synchronization counter value. any transmission with synchronization counter value within this window will be ignored. this window excludes previously used, perhaps code-grabbed transmissions from accessing the system. ? transmission received does serial number match ? decrypt transmission is decryption valid ? is counter within 16 ? is counter within 32k ? update counter execute command save counter in temp location start no no no no yes yes yes yes yes no and no note: the synchronization method described in this section is only a typical implementation and because it is usually implemented in firmware, it can be altered to fit the needs of a particular system.
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 19 hcs360 figure 7-3: synchronization window blocked entire window rotates to eliminate use of previously used codes single operation window window (32k codes) (16 codes) double operation (resynchronization) window (32k codes) stored synchronization counter value
hcs360 ds40152e-page 20 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 8.0 electrical characteristics table 8-1: absolute maximum ratings table 8-2: dc characteristics symbol item rating units v dd supply voltage -0.3 to 6.9 v v in input voltage -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v v out output voltage -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v i out max output current 25 ma t stg storage temperature -55 to +125 c (note) t lsol lead soldering temp 300 c (note) v esd esd rating 4000 v note: stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. commercial (c): tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i): tamb = -40 c to +85 c 2.0v < v dd < 3.3 3.0 < v dd < 6.6 parameter sym. min typ 1 max min typ 1 max unit conditions operating current (avg) i cc 0.3 1.2 0.7 1.6 ma v dd = 3.3v v dd = 6.6v standby current i ccs 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.0 m a auto-shutoff current 2,3 i ccs 40 75 160 350 m a high level input voltage v ih 0.55 v dd v dd +0.3 0.55v dd v dd +0.3 v low level input voltage v il -0.3 0.15 v dd -0.3 0.15v dd v high level output voltage v oh 0.7 v dd 0.7v dd vi oh = -1.0 ma, v dd = 2.0v i oh = -2.0 ma, v dd = 6.6v low level output voltage v ol 0.08 v dd 0.08v dd vi ol = 1.0 ma, v dd = 2.0v i ol = 2.0 ma, v dd = 6.6v led sink current i led 0.15 1.0 4.0 0.15 1.0 4.0 ma v led 4 = 1.5v, v dd = 6.6v pull-down resistance; s0-s3 r s 0-340 60 80 406080k w v dd = 4.0v pull-down resistance; data r pwm 80 120 160 80 120 160 k w v dd = 4.0v note 1: typical values are at 25 c. 2: auto-shutoff current specification does not include the current through the input pull-down resistors. 3: auto-shutoff current is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. 4: v led is the voltage between the v dd pin and the led pin.
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 21 hcs360 figure 8-1: power-up and transmit timing figure 8-2: power-up and transmit timing requirements v dd = +2.0 to 6.6v commercial (c): tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i): tamb = -40 c to +85 c parameter symbol min max unit remarks time to second button press t bp 10 + code word time 26 + code word time ms (note 1) transmit delay from button detect t td 4.5 26 ms (note 2) debounce delay t db 4.0 13 ms auto-shutoff time-out period t to 15.0 35 s (note 3) note 1: t bp is the time in which a second button can be pressed without completion of the first code word and the intention was to press the combination of buttons. 2: transmit delay maximum value if the previous transmission was successfully transmitted. 3: the auto-shutoff time-out period is not tested. button press sn detect t db output t td multiple code word transmission t to code word 1 code word 2 code word 3 code word n t bp code word 4 pwm input button
hcs360 ds40152e-page 22 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. figure 8-3: pwm format summary (mod=0) figure 8-4: pwm preamble/header format (mod=0) figure 8-5: pwm data format (mod=0) logic "1" guard time 31 x t e encrypted portion fixed portion logic "0" preamble header t e t e t e 10xt e 1 16 of transmission of transmission preamble 50% duty cycle t bp 50% duty cycle preamble header p1 p16 31xt e 10 t e data bits bit 0 bit 1 bit 0 bit 1 header bit 30 bit 31 bit 32 bit 33 bit 58 bit 59 fixed portion of transmission encrypted portion guard lsb lsb msb msb s3 s0 s1 s2 v low crc0 crc1 time serial number function code status bit 60 bit 61 bit 62 bit 63 bit 64 bit 65 crc bit 66 of transmission
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 23 hcs360 figure 8-6: manchester format summary (mod=1) figure 8-7: manchester preamble/header format (mod=1) figure 8-8: hcs360 normalized t e vs. temp guard preamble header encrypted portion fixed portion 1 2 start bit stop bit time 16 bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 logic "0" logic "1" t e t e 4 x t e 31 x t e of transmission of transmission preamble 50% duty cycle t pb preamble header 31 x t e 4 x t e bit 0 bit 1 data word transmission p1 p16 preamble 50% duty cycle 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 t e min. t e max. typical t e temperature c -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 v dd legend = 2.0v = 3.0v = 6.0v
hcs360 ds40152e-page 24 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. table 8-3: code word transmission timing parameterspwm mode table 8-4: code word transmission timing parameterspwm mode v dd = +2.0v to 6.6v commercial (c):tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i):tamb = -40 c to +85 c code words transmitted bsel1 = 0 bsel0 = 0 bsel1 = 0 bsel0 = 1 symbol characteristic min. typ. max. min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 260 400 620 130 200 310 m s t bp pwm bit pulse width 3 3 t e t p preamble duration 31 31 t e t h header duration 10 10 t e t hop hopping code duration 96 96 t e t fix fixed code duration 105 105 t e t g guard time (lngrd = 0) 17 33 t e total transmit time 259 275 t e total transmit time 67.3 103.6 160.6 35.8 55.0 85.3 ms pwm data rate 1282 833 538 2564 1667 1075 bps note: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. v dd = +2.0v to 6.6v commercial (c):tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i):tamb = -40 c to +85 c code words transmitted bsel1 = 1, bsel0 = 0 bsel1 = 1, bsel0 = 1 symbol characteristic min. typ. max. min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 130 200 310 65 100 155 m s t bp pwm bit pulse width 33 t e t p preamble duration 31 31 t e t h header duration 10 10 t e t hop hopping code duration 96 96 t e t fix fixed code duration 105 105 t e t g guard time (lngrd = 0) 33 65 t e total transmit time 275 307 t e total transmit time 35.8 55.0 85.3 20.0 30.7 47.6 ms pwm data rate 2564 1667 1075 5128 3333 2151 bps note: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock.
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 25 hcs360 table 8-5: code word transmission timing parametersmanchester mode table 8-6: code word transmission timing parametersmanchester mode v dd = +2.0v to 6.6v commercial (c):tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i):tamb = -40 c to +85 c code words transmitted bsel1 = 0, bsel0 = 0 bsel1 = 0. bsel0 = 1 symbol characteristic min. typ. max. min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 520 800 1240 260 400 620 m s t p preamble duration 31 31 t e t h header duration 4 4 t e t start start bit 2 2 t e t hop hopping code duration 64 64 t e t fix fixed code duration 70 70 t e t stop stop bit 2 2 t e t g guard time (lngrd = 0) 9 17 t e total transmit time 182 190 t e total transmit time 94.6 145.6 223.7 49.4 76.0 117.8 ms manchester data rate 1923 1250 806 3846.2 2500 1612.9 bps note: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. v dd = +2.0v to 6.6v commercial (c):tamb = 0 c to +70 c industrial (i):tamb = -40 c to +85 c code words transmitted bsel1 = 1, bsel0 = 0 bsel1 = 1. bsel0 = 1 symbol characteristic min. typ. max. min. typ. max. units t e basic pulse element 260 400 620 130 200 310 m s t p preamble duration 32 32 t e t h header duration 44 t e t start start bit 22 t e t hop hopping code duration 64 64 t e t fix fixed code duration 70 70 t e t stop stop bit 22 t e t g guard time (lngrd = 0) 16 32 t e total transmit time 190 206 t e total transmit time 49.4 76.0 117.8 26.8 41.2 63.4 ms manchester data rate 3846.2 2500.0 1612.9 7692.3 5000.0 3225.8 bps note: the timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock.
hcs360 ds40152e-page 26 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 9.0 packaging information 9.1 package marking information 8-lead pdip (300 mil) example 8-lead soic (150 mil) example xxxxxxxx xxxxxnnn yyww hcs360 xxxxxnnn 0025 xxxxxxx xxxyyww nnn hcs360 xxx0025 nnn legend: xx...x customer specific information* y year code (last digit of calendar year) yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ww week code (week of january 1 is week 01) nnn alphanumeric traceability code note : in the event the full microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line thus limiting the number of available characters for customer specific information. * standard picmicro device marking consists of microchip part number, year code, week code, and traceability code. for picmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. please check with your microchip sales office. for qtp devices, any special marking adders are included in qtp price.
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 27 hcs360 9.2 package details 8-lead plastic dual in-line (p) - 300 mil (pdip) b1 b a1 a l a2 p a e eb b c e1 n d 1 2 units inches* millimeters dimension limits min nom max min nom max number of pins n 88 pitch p .100 2.54 top to seating plane a .140 .155 .170 3.56 3.94 4.32 molded package thickness a2 .115 .130 .145 2.92 3.30 3.68 base to seating plane a1 .015 0.38 shoulder to shoulder width e .300 .313 .325 7.62 7.94 8.26 molded package width e1 .240 .250 .260 6.10 6.35 6.60 overall length d .360 .373 .385 9.14 9.46 9.78 tip to seating plane l .125 .130 .135 3.18 3.30 3.43 lead thickness c .008 .012 .015 0.20 0.29 0.38 upper lead width b1 .045 .058 .070 1.14 1.46 1.78 lower lead width b .014 .018 .022 0.36 0.46 0.56 overall row spacing eb .310 .370 .430 7.87 9.40 10.92 mold draft angle top a 51015 51015 mold draft angle bottom b 51015 51015 * controlling parameter notes: dimensions d and e1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed jedec equivalent: ms-001 drawing no. c04-018 .010 (0.254mm) per side. significant characteristic
hcs360 ds40152e-page 28 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. 8-lead plastic small outline (sn) - narrow, 150 mil (soic) foot angle f 048048 15 12 0 15 12 0 b mold draft angle bottom 15 12 0 15 12 0 a mold draft angle top 0.51 0.42 0.33 .020 .017 .013 b lead width 0.25 0.23 0.20 .010 .009 .008 c lead thickness 0.76 0.62 0.48 .030 .025 .019 l foot length 0.51 0.38 0.25 .020 .015 .010 h chamfer distance 5.00 4.90 4.80 .197 .193 .189 d overall length 3.99 3.91 3.71 .157 .154 .146 e1 molded package width 6.20 6.02 5.79 .244 .237 .228 e overall width 0.25 0.18 0.10 .010 .007 .004 a1 standoff 1.55 1.42 1.32 .061 .056 .052 a2 molded package thickness 1.75 1.55 1.35 .069 .061 .053 a overall height 1.27 .050 p pitch 8 8 n number of pins max nom min max nom min dimension limits millimeters inches* units 2 1 d n p b e e1 h l b c 45 f a2 a a a1 * controlling parameter notes: dimensions d and e1 do not include mold flash or protrusions. mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010 (0.254mm) per side. jedec equivalent: ms-012 drawing no. c04-057 significant characteristic
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 29 hcs360 on-line support microchip provides on-line support on the microchip world wide web (www) site. the web site is used by microchip as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. to view the site, the user must have access to the internet and a web browser, such as netscape or microsoft explorer. files are also available for ftp download from our ftp site. connecting to the microchip internet web site the microchip web site is available by using your favorite internet browser to attach to: www.microchip.com the file transfer site is available by using an ftp ser- vice to connect to: ftp://ftp.microchip.com the web site and file transfer site provide a variety of services. users may download files for the latest development tools, data sheets, application notes, user's guides, articles and sample programs. a vari- ety of microchip specific business information is also available, including listings of microchip sales offices, distributors and factory representatives. other data available for consideration is: ? latest microchip press releases ? technical support section with frequently asked questions ? design tips ? device errata ? job postings ? microchip consultant program member listing ? links to other useful web sites related to microchip products ? conferences for products, development systems, technical information and more ? listing of seminars and events systems information and upgrade hot line the systems information and upgrade line provides system users a listing of the latest versions of all of microchip's development systems software products. plus, this line provides information on how customers can receive any currently available upgrade kits.the hot line numbers are: 1-800-755-2345 for u.s. and most of canada, and 1-480-792-7302 for the rest of the world.
hcs360 ds40152e-page 30 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. reader response it is our intention to provide you with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your microchip prod- uct. if you wish to provide your comments on organization, clarity, subject matter, and ways in which our documentation can better serve you, please fax your comments to the technical publications manager at (480) 792-4150. please list the following information, and use this outline to provide us with your comments about this data sheet. to : technical publications manager re: reader response total pages sent from: name company address city / state / zip / country telephone: (_______) _________ - _________ application (optional): would you like a reply? y n device: literature number: questions: fax: (______) _________ - _________ ds40152e hcs360 1. what are the best features of this document? 2. how does this document meet your hardware and software development needs? 3. do you find the organization of this data sheet easy to follow? if not, why? 4. what additions to the data sheet do you think would enhance the structure and subject? 5. what deletions from the data sheet could be made without affecting the overall usefulness? 6. is there any incorrect or misleading information (what and where)? 7. how would you improve this document? 8. how would you improve our software, systems, and silicon products?
? 2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e-page 31 hcs360 hcs360 product identification system to order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. sales and support package: p = plastic dip (300 mil body), 8-lead sn = plastic soic (150 mil body), 8-lead temperature blank = 0 c to +70c range: i = C40c to +85c device: hcs360 code hopping encoder hcs360t code hopping encoder (tape and reel) hcs360 /p data sheets products supported by a preliminary data sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recom- mended workarounds. to determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. your local microchip sales office 2. the microchip corporate literature center u.s. fax: (480) 792-7277 3. the microchip worldwide site (www.microchip.com) please specify which device, revision of silicon and data sheet (include literature #) you are using. new customer notification system register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products.
hcs360 ds40152e-page 32 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. notes:
2002 microchip technology inc. ds40152e - page 33 information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. it is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. no representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by microchip technology incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. use of microchips products as critical com- ponents in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by microchip. no licenses are con- veyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. trademarks the microchip name and logo, the microchip logo, filterlab, k ee l oq , mplab, pic, picmicro, picmaster, picstart, pro mate, seeval and the embedded control solutions company are registered trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. and other countries. dspic, economonitor, fansense, flexrom, fuzzylab, in-circuit serial programming, icsp, icepic, microid, microport, migratable memory, mpasm, mplib, mplink, mpsim, mxdev, picc, picdem, picdem.net, rfpic, select mode and total endurance are trademarks of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. serialized quick turn programming (sqtp) is a service mark of microchip technology incorporated in the u.s.a. all other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. ? 2002, microchip technology incorporated, printed in the u.s.a., all rights reserved. printed on recycled paper. microchip received qs-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in chandler and tempe, arizona in july 1999. the companys quality system processes and procedures are qs-9000 compliant for its picmicro ? 8-bit mcus, k ee l oq ? code hopping devices, serial eeproms and microperipheral products. in addition, microchips quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is iso 9001 certified. microchips secure data products are covered by some or all of the following patents: code hopping encoder patents issued in europe, u.s.a., and r.s.a. u.s.a.: 5,517,187; europe: 0459781; r.s.a.: za93/4726 secure learning patents issued in the u.s.a. and r.s.a. u.s.a.: 5,686,904; r.s.a.: 95/5429
ds40152e-page 34 ? 2002 microchip technology inc. americas corporate office 2355 west chandler blvd. chandler, az 85224-6199 tel: 480-792-7200 fax: 480-792-7277 technical support: 480-792-7627 web address: http://www.microchip.com rocky mountain 2355 west chandler blvd. chandler, az 85224-6199 tel: 480-792-7966 fax: 480-792-7456 atlanta 500 sugar mill road, suite 200b atlanta, ga 30350 tel: 770-640-0034 fax: 770-640-0307 boston 2 lan drive, suite 120 westford, ma 01886 tel: 978-692-3848 fax: 978-692-3821 chicago 333 pierce road, suite 180 itasca, il 60143 tel: 630-285-0071 fax: 630-285-0075 dallas 4570 westgrove drive, suite 160 addison, tx 75001 tel: 972-818-7423 fax: 972-818-2924 detroit tri-atria office building 32255 northwestern highway, suite 190 farmington hills, mi 48334 tel: 248-538-2250 fax: 248-538-2260 kokomo 2767 s. albright road kokomo, indiana 46902 tel: 765-864-8360 fax: 765-864-8387 los angeles 18201 von karman, suite 1090 irvine, ca 92612 tel: 949-263-1888 fax: 949-263-1338 new york 150 motor parkway, suite 202 hauppauge, ny 11788 tel: 631-273-5305 fax: 631-273-5335 san jose microchip technology inc. 2107 north first street, suite 590 san jose, ca 95131 tel: 408-436-7950 fax: 408-436-7955 toronto 6285 northam drive, suite 108 mississauga, ontario l4v 1x5, canada tel: 905-673-0699 fax: 905-673-6509 asia/pacific australia microchip technology australia pty ltd suite 22, 41 rawson street epping 2121, nsw australia tel: 61-2-9868-6733 fax: 61-2-9868-6755 china - beijing microchip technology consulting (shanghai) co., ltd., beijing liaison office unit 915 bei hai wan tai bldg. no. 6 chaoyangmen beidajie beijing, 100027, no. china tel: 86-10-85282100 fax: 86-10-85282104 china - chengdu microchip technology consulting (shanghai) co., ltd., chengdu liaison office rm. 2401, 24th floor, ming xing financial tower no. 88 tidu street chengdu 610016, china tel: 86-28-6766200 fax: 86-28-6766599 china - fuzhou microchip technology consulting (shanghai) co., ltd., fuzhou liaison office unit 28f, world trade plaza no. 71 wusi road fuzhou 350001, china tel: 86-591-7503506 fax: 86-591-7503521 china - shanghai microchip technology consulting (shanghai) co., ltd. room 701, bldg. b far east international plaza no. 317 xian xia road shanghai, 200051 tel: 86-21-6275-5700 fax: 86-21-6275-5060 china - shenzhen microchip technology consulting (shanghai) co., ltd., shenzhen liaison office rm. 1315, 13/f, shenzhen kerry centre, renminnan lu shenzhen 518001, china tel: 86-755-2350361 fax: 86-755-2366086 hong kong microchip technology hongkong ltd. unit 901-6, tower 2, metroplaza 223 hing fong road kwai fong, n.t., hong kong tel: 852-2401-1200 fax: 852-2401-3431 india microchip technology inc. india liaison office divyasree chambers 1 floor, wing a (a3/a4) no. 11, oshaugnessey road bangalore, 560 025, india tel: 91-80-2290061 fax: 91-80-2290062 japan microchip technology japan k.k. benex s-1 6f 3-18-20, shinyokohama kohoku-ku, yokohama-shi kanagawa, 222-0033, japan tel: 81-45-471- 6166 fax: 81-45-471-6122 korea microchip technology korea 168-1, youngbo bldg. 3 floor samsung-dong, kangnam-ku seoul, korea 135-882 tel: 82-2-554-7200 fax: 82-2-558-5934 singapore microchip technology singapore pte ltd. 200 middle road #07-02 prime centre singapore, 188980 tel: 65-334-8870 fax: 65-334-8850 taiwan microchip technology taiwan 11f-3, no. 207 tung hua north road taipei, 105, taiwan tel: 886-2-2717-7175 fax: 886-2-2545-0139 europe denmark microchip technology nordic aps regus business centre lautrup hoj 1-3 ballerup dk-2750 denmark tel: 45 4420 9895 fax: 45 4420 9910 france microchip technology sarl parc dactivite du moulin de massy 43 rue du saule trapu batiment a - ler etage 91300 massy, france tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 germany microchip technology gmbh gustav-heinemann ring 125 d-81739 munich, germany tel: 49-89-627-144 0 fax: 49-89-627-144-44 italy microchip technology srl centro direzionale colleoni palazzo taurus 1 v. le colleoni 1 20041 agrate brianza milan, italy tel: 39-039-65791-1 fax: 39-039-6899883 united kingdom arizona microchip technology ltd. 505 eskdale road winnersh triangle wokingham berkshire, england rg41 5tu tel: 44 118 921 5869 fax: 44-118 921-5820 01/18/02 w orldwide s ales and s ervice

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